Under current guidance, the is considered large, having a MTOW of only , kilograms , lb. The first class of Federal Flight Deck Officers, as the gun-carrying pilots are known, graduated in April Classes have run ever since. Thank you. Pilots can and do read books, magazines and newspapers in flight. As you have to listen out to ATC and be aware of what is happening around you at all times, listening to lectures, TED talks or audio books is frowned upon.
Some headphones have the ability to have two inputs, one for comms and one for music, and can silence the music whenever audio is detected on the comms input. In many countries outside the US, anybody with stripes in the cockpit is addressed as Captain, Cappie, Commander, Commandante or other honoraria so as not to offend and denote respect.
In the US crews are sometimes called Skycap, but usually not while in the cockpit. Apart from a few spare words about weather details at the destination and an announcement before the aircraft begins its descent, "Thank you for flying with us and have a great day", passengers are unlikely to hear too much from the flight deck.
In the cockpit of a commercial airliner there's a special language that pilots and co-pilots use. The autopilot is "George". See also: World's best airports to land in according to pilots. As the plane accelerates during its takeoff roll the pilot not flying the aircraft will call "V1" when the aircraft reaches a speed too fast to abort takeoff with the remaining runway yet not fast enough for takeoff. Before he or she hears "V1", the pilot flying the aircraft can abort, after they must continue the takeoff.
The next speed the non-flying pilot will call is "rotate", designated as "Vr", when the nose should be raised and the aircraft rotated into the climb attitude.
Between air traffic controllers and pilots there's another kind of shorthand. You might hear "final", short for "final approach", when an aircraft is on descent and lined up with the central line of the aircraft runway. The word "heavy" means a larger aircraft type, with a Maximum Takeoff Weight of tonnes or more.
These aircraft create wake turbulence from their wings and require extra separation between following aircraft, and the use of "heavy" reminds other pilots of that fact. Clarity is all important, and while English is the communications standard throughout the aviation world, "B" can sound like "D", "E", "G" and several other letters, in the International Civil Aviation Organization adopted a standard phonetic alphabet for aviation use.
All the letters of the phonetic alphabet are either two or three syllables for extra clarity, as opposed to the single-syllable words that denote the letters of the standard English alphabet. Just as pilots have a language all their own, so do cabin crew.
A "miracle flight" is one that has a miraculous effect on a passenger who requires wheelchair assistance to board but manages to stand and walk unaided at the end of the flight. Hand semaphores are commonly used to relay requests for food and beverages but if you see fingers splayed above a crew member's head to suggest antlers — stag party on board.
One communication you won't ever hear between an aircraft and air traffic control is squawk , when a pilot tunes the aircraft's transponder to signify a hijacking, equal to the silent alarm button in a bank. Better hope there's a sky marshal on board, but there's no code word for that either. See also: How much airline pilots get paid.
See also: Meet the world's youngest female captain of a Boeing Even without the help of a controller, knowing the type of airplane the pilot is looking for is a big help. They likely have more than enough time to take off and do not need to wait. Traditionally, airlines have used their company names or customized titles as their call sign. This helps pilots know which airplane is which at very busy airports.
Additionally, airlines use their flight numbers instead of their tail number for air traffic control communications. The aircraft type and registration numbers are always filed on the flight plan, so if this information is relevant in some way, the controller can quickly look it up.
By using the flight number, airlines can make equipment changes easily should the need arise. From the business standpoint, the flight number indicates everything from the flight passengers should board to the departure, destination, and times.
Using that for communications reduces confusion. Most call signs are pretty obvious and directly related to the companies name. Some are hold outs by tradition or company lore. Radio communications are all about being as quick and succinct as possible, so one little word can mean a whole lot. As such, airplanes can add descriptive notes that other pilots need to hear.
Planes are categorized by their maximum takeoff weight. The categories used by the FAA are as follows. Small aircraft, which have takeoff weights of less than 12, pounds. Medium aircraft range in weight from 12, to 41, pounds. Large aircraft weight between 41, to , pounds. Heavy aircraft have an MTOW of at least , pounds. Super is reserved only for the largest airplanes. Both of these planes have takeoff weights well above 1 million pounds! Some airplanes get special consideration.
But this design produces an abnormal amount of wake turbulence. This helps ATC and reminds everyone that these airplanes need more space than other categories. And just like some boats make bigger wakes than others due to design and speed differences, the wake behind airplanes changes during various phases of flight.
Wake turbulence refers explicitly to a spiral swirling of the air that occurs at the wingtip.
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