In , Albin Weisback discovered a new mineral and named it argyrodite. A sample of the new mineral was given to Winkler for analysis. After working day and night for several months, he discovered on February 6, , the presence of a new element which he named germanium. This discovery fulfilled the prediction of ekasilicon by Mendeleev Winkler, who had a considerable reputation as an analyst, was asked to examine it and to his surprise the results of his analysis consistently came out too low.
He discovered that this was due to the presence of a new element, which, after several months' search, he isolated and named germanium after his fatherland. The properties of germanium matched those of the eka-silicon whose existence had been predicted in by Dmitri Mendeleev. Winkler's discovery completed the detection of the three new elements predicted by Mendeleev nearly 20 years before.
Subjects: Science and technology. View all related items in Oxford Reference ». All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single entry from a reference work in OR for personal use for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice. Oxford Reference. Silicon monoxide coatings are used for optical applications in reflectors, flood lamps, mirrors, jewelry and other products.
Silicon monoxide coatings can reduce reflection in the near infrared range or act as interference layers. Silicon monoxide is also ideal for use with ZnS and other materials for reflective coatings.
Silicon monoxide layers formed in oxygen atmosphere Si are used for antireflection coatings or interference coatings for ray splitting in the visible range. Silicon monoxide films are used in thin-film capacitors, hybrid circuits, semiconductor components, and other electronic applications.
A variety of insulating and dielectric properties can be achieved by proper selection of Silicon monoxide film thickness. Silicon monoxide is generally prepared by condensing the vapor formed when pure silicon and pure quartz are reacted in a vacuum at high temperatures. The purity of the final Silicon monoxide product is determined by the starting materials and reaction procedures used.
Facts about germanium. Germanium existence was predicted by Mendeleev in He predicted that the then unknown element germanium should resemble silicon in its properties. Mendeleev suggested the name ekasilicon. His predictions for the properties of germanium are remarkably close to the reality. Germanium was also discovered in a mineral called argyrodite by Clemens Alexander Winkler in Germanium is created through stellar nucleosynthesis, mostly by the s-process in asymptotic giant branch stars.
Germanium is mainly a byproduct of zinc ore processing. It is a hard, grayish-white element; it has a metallic luster and the same crystal structure as diamond. Germanium is stable in air and water, and is unaffected by alkalis and acids, except nitric acid. Germanium is an important semiconductor, mainly used in transistors and integrated circuits.
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