Supreme Court, with Marshall once again being the first African-American to hold the office. Justice Marshall would serve from October 2, , until his retirement related to health issues on October 1, Justice Marshall died on January 24, , in Bethesda, Maryland. His personal papers are part of the collection of the Library of Congress. Speakers included Hon. Douglas J. Peters, Maryland Senate; Hon. There, he joined a remarkably distinguished student body that included Kwame Nkrumah, the future president of Ghana, poet Langston Hughes and jazz singer Cab Calloway.
Despite being overqualified academically, Marshall was rejected because of his race. This firsthand experience with discrimination in education made a lasting impression on Marshall and helped determine the future course of his career. Instead of Maryland, Marshall attended law school in Washington, D. Marshall quickly fell under the tutelage of Houston, a notorious disciplinarian and extraordinarily demanding professor. Marshall recalled of Houston, "He would not be satisfied until he went to a dance on the campus and found all of his students sitting around the wall reading law books instead of partying.
Marshall graduated magna cum laude from Howard in He briefly attempted to establish his own practice in Baltimore, but without experience, he failed to land any significant cases. Over several decades, Marshall argued and won a variety of cases to strike down many forms of legalized racism, helping to inspire the American civil rights movement.
In one of Marshall's first cases — which he argued alongside his mentor, Charles Houston — he defended another well-qualified undergraduate, Donald Murray, who like himself had been denied entrance to the University of Maryland Law School.
Marshall and Houston won Murray v. Pearson in January , the first in a long string of cases designed to undermine the legal basis for de jure racial segregation in the United States.
Marshall's first victory before the Supreme Court came in Chambers v. Florida , in which he successfully defended four Black men who had been convicted of murder on the basis of confessions coerced from them by police. Another crucial Supreme Court victory for Marshall came in the case of Smith v.
Allwright , in which the Court struck down the Democratic Party's use of white people-only primary elections in various Southern states. The great achievement of Marshall's career as a civil-rights lawyer was his victory in the landmark Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. The class-action lawsuit was filed on behalf of a group of Black parents in Topeka, Kansas, whose children were forced to attend all-Black segregated schools.
Through Brown v. Board , one of the most important cases of the 20th century, Marshall challenged head-on the legal underpinning of racial segregation, the doctrine of "separate but equal" established by the Supreme Court case Plessy v. On May 17, , the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal," and therefore racial segregation of public schools violated the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.
After winning twenty-nine of the thirty-two civil rights cases that he brought before the Supreme Court, Marshall earned the reputation of "America's outstanding civil rights lawyer. Some of the important cases he argued became landmarks in the ending of segregation as well as constitutional precedents examples to help justify similar decisions in the future with their decisions.
These include Smith v. Allwright , which gave African Americans the right to vote in Democratic primary elections; Morgan v. Virginia , which outlawed the state's policy of segregation as it applied to bus transportation between different states; and Sweatt v. The most famous was Brown v.
Board of Education , which outlawed segregation in public schools and more or less ended the practice once and for all. Army courts-martial had not received fair trials. His appeal arguments led to reduced sentences for twenty-two of the forty soldiers. President John F. Marshall was confirmed by the Senate a year later after undergoing extensive hearings.
Three years later Marshall accepted an appointment from President Lyndon Johnson — as solicitor general. In this post Marshall successfully defended the United States in a number of important cases concerning industry.
Through his office he now defended civil rights actions on behalf of the American people instead of as in his NAACP days as counsel strictly for African Americans.
However, he personally did not argue cases in which he had previously been involved. In President Johnson nominated Marshall as associate justice to the U. Marshall's nomination was strongly opposed by several southern senators on the Judiciary Committee, but in the end he was confirmed by a vote of sixty-nine to eleven.
He took his seat on October 2, , becoming the first African American justice to sit on the Supreme Court.
During his time on the Supreme Court, he remained a strong believer in individual rights and never wavered in his devotion to end discrimination. He was a key part of the Court's progressive majority that voted to uphold a woman's right to abortion a woman's right to end a pregnancy.
His majority opinions statements issued by a judge covered such areas as the environment, the right of appeal of persons convicted of drug charges, failure to report for and submit to service in the U. The years when Ronald Reagan — and George Bush — occupied the White House were a time of sadness for Marshall, as the influence of liberals those open to and interested in change on the Supreme Court declined. In Marshall negatively criticized President Reagan in an interview with Ebony as "the bottom" in terms of his commitment to African Americans.
He later told the magazine, "I wouldn't do the job of dogcatcher for Ronald Reagan. Brennan Jr. Geneanet Geneastar. Deceased on january 24 Report an error. Marshall William H - Trader Henrietta M - Robinson William -. Milligan Mary -. Williams Samuel -. Fossett Levi -
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